有脑干先兆偏头痛(基底动脉型偏头痛)

<hr/> <p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe frameborder="0" src="https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=g35056ammlk" allowfullscreen="true" width="360" height="230" scrolling="yes" align=" "></iframe> </p> <hr/> <p></p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">有脑干先兆的偏头痛，以前被称为基底偏头痛（<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-kerning: none;">基底动脉偏头痛;基底偏头痛;基底型</span></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-kerning: none;">偏头痛）</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">，</span></span><span style="font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">是一种罕见的偏头痛类型，它起源于大脑下部的脑干。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">根据国际头痛学会的标准，至少符合以下症状的两项才能确诊：眩晕、复视、听力减退、口齿不清或语言缓慢（构音障碍）、耳鸣、协调性障碍、或意识水平下降。症状持续时间为几分钟到一个多小时，并且发作过后（这些症状）可以完全复原，才能被确认为有脑干先兆的偏头痛。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">有脑干先兆型偏头痛通常伴随着恶心、博动性头痛，有脑干先兆的偏头痛不会出现运动和视网膜症状，例如肌肉无力、或看到斑点或锯齿形视觉光环。但是要注意的是，患有脑干先兆偏头痛的人如果同时也患有先兆型偏头痛，是可以同时出现这些症状的。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">脑干先兆偏头痛必须排除其他病因（才能确诊），如癫痫发作、中风、短暂性脑缺血发作和偏瘫型偏头痛。检查排除的方式一般需要作：<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13.3px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;; font-kerning: none; color: rgb(61, 61, 61);">脑动电流图</span>、CT 扫描、或核磁共振。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">皮质扩散抑制是脑干先兆型偏头痛可能性最大的病因。皮质扩散抑制是一种生理电波，它会缓慢掠过大脑，<span style="font-size: 18px; font-kerning: none;">导致大脑</span>神经系统和血管系统的功能异常。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">对于有脑干先兆型偏头痛而言，皮质扩散抑制被认为起源于脑干，或同步来自<span style="font-size: 18px; font-kerning: none; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);">双侧枕叶</span>。这解释了为什么很多人身体两侧都会有的脑干先兆偏头痛的症状。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">这种情况可以影响所有年龄段的患者，但更常见于女性、青少年和年轻人。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">尽管科学家们认为有脑干先兆偏头痛不具有遗传性，但许多（有脑干先兆的偏头痛）患者报告过有偏头痛的家族病史。根据少数病例，可能是基因突变导致了（患者）易患脑干先兆偏头痛。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">(脑干先兆偏头痛)诱因与普通的偏头痛相同，情绪影响和睡眠障碍是最常见的两种。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">有脑干先兆偏头痛一般用普通的偏头痛药物治疗，非甾体抗炎药和止吐药都是常用的药物，最近，曲坦类和麦角生物碱已经不被推荐用于脑干先兆偏头痛的急性治疗。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">不过最新研究表明有些药物是安全的，维拉帕米，托吡酯和拉莫三嗪都可以作为脑干先兆偏头痛的常用预防性药物。</span> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; font-family: &quot;Songti SC&quot;; white-space: normal; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18px;">虽然可以使用大多数普通偏头痛的治疗药物，但由于罕见的潜在并发症，有些医生认为应该避免使用β受体阻滞剂。</span> </p> <p> <br style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;"/> </p>