偏头痛社区偏瘫型偏头痛
2023年3月14日·287 阅读
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">偏瘫型偏头痛是一种罕见的偏头痛类型，影响全球约<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">80</span>万人。平均初次发病年龄在<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">12-17</span>岁之间，女性患有这种疾病的风险是男性的三倍。<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">“hemi-”</span>的意思是<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">“</span>半边<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">”</span>，<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">“plegic-”</span>的意思是<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">“</span>瘫痪<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: Palatino;">”</span>，偏瘫型偏头痛的特有症状是半边身体无力或瘫痪。发作时可能会与头痛症状同时出现，也可能在头痛之后发生。发作先兆是身体虚弱无力，同时会伴有至少一种其他先兆症状，如视觉障碍。感到虚弱无力的半侧身体，并不会每次都与头痛在同一侧，且每次轻重程度不一。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">大多数偏瘫型偏头痛患者同时会有典型的偏头痛的相关症状。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">偏瘫型偏头痛可能仅影响身体的一部分，如面部、手或胳膊，还可能影响整个半边身体。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">症状还包括：身体失去平衡能力和协调性、语言困难、发烧、头晕、意识模糊、和脑雾。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">偏瘫型偏头痛分两种类型：一种是散发性偏瘫型偏头痛，它发生在无偏瘫型偏头痛家族病史的人身上，尽管也会涉及到某些基因片段突变。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">第二种称为家族性偏瘫型偏头痛，条件是有1个以上一级亲属也患有这种疾病。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了4种基因异常缺陷与家族性偏瘫型偏头痛有关：CACNA1A、ATP1A2、 SCN1A、PRRT2。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">但至少有 25%（有家族性偏瘫型偏头痛）的家庭没有这 4 种突变中的任何一种，这说明可能涉及更多的相关基因仍未被发现。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">脑部受到外伤也有可能导致偏瘫型偏头痛。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">治疗方式与有先兆型偏头痛类似，但曲坦类药物和麦角胺生物碱除外（无效）。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">这些药物会导致血管收缩并增加中风的风险（仅限偏瘫型偏头痛）。可以选择非甾体抗炎药和止吐药等中断症状，氯胺酮鼻喷剂也可以用来治疗家族性偏瘫型偏头痛。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">维拉帕米<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13.3px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-kerning: none; color: rgb(61, 61, 61);">(</span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13.3px; line-height: normal; font-family: "PingFang SC"; font-kerning: none; color: rgb(61, 61, 61);">一种冠状动脉扩张药</span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 13.3px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; font-kerning: none; color: rgb(61, 61, 61);">)</span>可用作预防性治疗。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">其他预防性药物包括：氯胺酮、乙酰唑胺、纳洛酮、氟桂利嗪，对这些药物无效的，可以尝试拉莫三嗪。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">而β受体阻滞剂能否作为预防用药仍然存在争议。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">偏瘫型偏头痛发作与短暂性脑缺血或卒中非常相似。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 18px;">如果您认为自己患有偏瘫型偏头痛，一定要找专业医院和专业的医生，千万不要自我诊断更不要乱找“江湖郎中”。让医生通过CT扫描或MRI排除卒中的可能。请记住，偏瘫型偏头痛人也可能同时发作中风，两者很难区分。让专业的偏头痛医生给你进行检查非常必要！</span>
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